An open system is characterized by:

• A. Cross boundary exchanges with the environment
• B. Total isolation from surroundings
• C. A static, unchanging structure
• D. A fixed internal hierarchical order

Answer: (A)

Open systems are defined by boundary permeability—continuous exchange across the system’s borders with the environment, including matter, energy, and information. This input and output, along with ongoing feedback, lets the system adapt and respond to changes outside and inside itself. In practice, a family, a clinic, or any organization acts as an open system because it continually interacts with resources, norms, other people or institutions, and it also influences those surroundings in return.

This stands in contrast to an isolated setup, where there is no exchange with the surroundings and feedback is absent; a static, unchanging structure or a fixed internal hierarchy implies rigidity and no responsiveness to outside influence.