Culture-bound syndromes in the DSM-5 are replaced by all of the following concepts EXCEPT

• A. Cultural Stratification
• B. Cultural Syndromes
• C. Cultural Concepts
• D. Cultural Patterns

Answer: (A)

The main idea is that DSM-5 moves away from labeling certain presentations as culture-bound syndromes and instead uses cultural concepts of distress to describe how distress is expressed and understood across cultures. This framework includes components like cultural syndromes and cultural concepts of distress (which cover how a culture expresses symptoms, idioms of distress, and explanatory models). Among the options, the one that does not belong to this DSM-5 framework is Cultural Stratification, since stratification is a sociological term about social hierarchy and not a DSM-5 category for distress. The other terms align with DSM-5’s approach: cultural syndromes are culture-specific patterns of symptoms, and cultural concepts (of distress) encompass how culture shapes the experience and explanation of distress.