In system theory, a closed system is described as?

• A. uses up energy and dies
• B. highly adaptable to change
• C. open to environmental input
• D. stable and unchanging

Answer: (A)

A closed system is viewed as self-contained and not exchanging energy or matter with its surroundings. Because it relies on its own internal resources, any activity that uses energy must be sustained from within. If external energy input isn’t available, those internal reserves can become depleted, leading to the system’s eventual failure or death. This is why describing a closed system as one that uses up energy and dies captures the consequence of lacking external replenishment.

The other ideas don’t fit the concept as cleanly: being highly adaptable to change suggests drawing on environmental input and adjusting in response, which aligns more with open or flexible systems; being open to environmental input directly contradicts the closed-without-external-input definition; and being stable and unchanging describes a possible state but not the defining outcome when a system cannot receive new energy or resources.