Social stratification refers to which of the following?

• A. Genetic variability alone
• B. Structural inequality and hierarchical ranking of groups
• C. Individual talents
• D. Random distribution of resources

Answer: (B)

Social stratification describes how a society organizes people into a structured hierarchy that determines access to valued resources—wealth, power, prestige, education, housing, and opportunities. It’s a systemic pattern reinforced by institutions and norms, producing enduring differences in life chances across groups. This is not about biology, individual talents, or random chance; it’s about the organized, persistent ranking of groups within a society based on socioeconomic factors.