Which stage (15–24 months) involves the infant returning to the mother while recognizing they are separate but keeping an eye on her?

• A. Normal Symbiotic Phase
• B. Separation/Individuation Phase
• C. Practicing Stage
• D. Rapprochement Stage

Answer: (D)

This describes Mahler’s rapprochement stage of separation–individuation, which typically occurs around 15–24 months. In this period the child begins to see themselves as distinct from the mother, yet still relies on her for comfort and safety. They explore away from the caregiver but frequently return, watching the mother and seeking reassurance as they re-establish proximity. This back-and-forth reflects ambivalence about becoming independent while still needing closeness to regulate emotions. It contrasts with earlier phases where the sense of sameness is stronger (normal symbiotic phase) or where exploration with less regard for reassurance occurs (practicing/differentiation phases), and it sets the stage for later development of stable independence and object constancy.